A.
Kalimat Active
Kalimat
active adalah suatu pola kalimat dimana subjek melakukakan aktifitas, dalam
bahasa Indonesia untuk kalimat aktif dengan menambahkan prefiks 'me-' pada kata
kerjanya.
-Pola
kalimat positive S + V1 + O
V1 ditambahkan -s/es untuk subjek atau kata
ganti orang ketiga tunggal/ third person singular (he, she, it, atau kata yang
dapat diganti dengan kata ganti 'dia')
example:
1. He opens the book.
2. They kick the ball.
3. She cleans the window.
-
Pola kalimat negative S + Do/Does + Not
+ V1 + O
'Does'
digunakan untuk kata ganti orang ketiga tunggal/third person singular (he, she,
it), sedangkan 'Do' digunakan untuk kata ganti orang yg bukan orang ketiga
tunggal yaitu they, we, I, dan you.
example:
1.
He does not / doesn't open the book.
2.
They do not / don't kick the ball.
3.
She does not /doesn't clean the window
-Pola
kalimat Interrogative Do/Does + S + V1+ O + ?
Apabila
menggunakan question word, kata tanya tersebut diletakkan sebelum auxiliary
(do/ does).
example:
1.
Does he open the book?
2.
Do they kick the ball?
3.
Does she clean the window?
4.
Why do you go to the market?
5.
How does she open the can?
B.
Kalimat Passive
Kalimat
passive adalah suatu pola kalimat, dimana subjek dikenai tindakan aktivitas,
dalam bahasa Indonesia untuk kalimat passive dengan menambahkan prefiks di- /
ter- / ke- pada kata kerjanya.
-Pola
Kalimat Positive S + To be + V3
To
be (is, am, are). 'am' digunakan untuk kata ganti orang pertama. 'is' digunakan
untuk kata ganti orang kedua. Sedangkan 'are' digunakan untuk kata ganti orang
ketiga.
example:
1.
He is cried.
2.
We are kicked the ball.
3.
I am written.
-Pola
Kalimat Negative S + To be + Not + V3
example:
1.
He is not cried.
2.
We are not kicked the ball.
3.
I am not written.
-Pola
Kalimat Interrogative To be + S + V3
Apabila
menggunakan uestion word/ kata tanya, maka kata tanya diletakkan sebelum 'to
be'.
example:
1.
Is he cried?
2.
Are we kicked the ball?
3.
Am I written?
4.
What are they done?
5.
Why are you stolen that car?
C.
Non Aktivitas
Biasanya
menunjukkan suatu keadaan/ keberadaan dan situasi. Dalam bahasa Inggris
mensyaratkan setiap kalimat memilk kata kerja / verb, oleh karena itu kata
kerja untuk jenis kalimat nominal/ ajektival/ adverbial seperti ini
dipergunakan oleh 'to be'.
-Pola
Kalimat Positive S + To be + Adj/ Adv/ N
example:
1.
It is hard.
2.
They are complete their answer.
3.
She is beauty.
-Pola
Kalimat Negative S + To be + Not + Adj/ Adv/ N
example:
1.
It is not hard.
2.
They are not complete their answer.
3.
She is not beauty.
-Pola
Kalimat Interrogative To be + S + Adj/ Adv/
N
example:
1.
Is it hard?
2.
Are they complete their answer?
3.
Is she beauty?
4.
What are we do?
5.
Why are you cry?
-Present
Simple secara umum digunakan untuk:
1.
Menginformasikan peristiwa yg terjadi kini atau belakangan ini
- Rina studies at elementary school.
- Mr. Lukman works at STBA LIA Yogyakarta.
- They do not have any motorcycle.
- Does your mother walk here?
2.
Menyatakan suatu kebiasaan (habitual action) atau kegiatan yang terjadi
berulang-ulang ataupun terus menerus
- The car is tuned up every month.
- I go running every morning
- They go to school every day.
- I pray five times every day.
3.
Menyatakan kebenaran umum (general truth) yang biasanya tidak dibatasi oleh
waktu, misalnya hukum fisika atau adat istiadat.
- The sun sets in the west.
- Javanese shake hand when they meet.
- Water freeze at 0° C.
- Water boils at 100° C.
4. Membicarakan hal yang akan datang, berkenaan dengan
jadwal, acara atau kegiatan lain yang terencana atau berseri.
- I have a plan next Monday at that time.
- What time does the film start?
- The bus arrives at 10.30
- The plane doesn't fly to Yogyakarta.
5. Berfungsi sebagai anak kalimat untuk induk kalimat berpola
future dan command
- After he finishes work, he will do the
errands.
- When you meet Rinna, please bring her this
ring!
6. Berfungsi sebagai anak kalimat dalam conditional type 1
- If all the students pass the exams, I will
have a party at my house.
- If water is heated up to 100° C, it boils.
7. Stative verbs: kata kerja
yang menyatakan keadaan yang tidak boleh dinyatakan dalam bentuk progressive,
melainkan dalam bentuk simple. Jenis stative verbs:
a) Sensory
perception, kegiatan panca indra (see, hear, feel, taste, smell)
- I see a tree
behind the house (bukan I am seeing)
- I smell
something burning (bukan I am smelling)
b) Mental
perception , penerimaan mental akan sesuatu (know, believe, doubt, understand,
remember)
- I believe you
are right (bukan I am believing)
- She doubts I
can pick her at the airport (bukan she is doubting)
c) Emotion, hasrat
jiwa: want, desire, love, hate, like
- We desire an
explanation (bukan we are desiring)
- I want to get
married (bukan I am wanting)
d) Measurement,
takaran/ ukuran: weight, cost, measure, equal
- The dress costs
Rp. 100.000 (bukan this dress is costing)
- The fruit
weights 50 oz (bukan the fruit is weighting)
e) Relationship,
kebertalian: have, own, contain, entail, belong
- Rinna has a
beautiful new house (bukan Rinna is having)
- I belong to you
(bukan I am belonging)
